Lies & Truth

I can't see you, can't see you
No matter how many times I call for you
I am lost in this night
The voice inside of you is Lies even though you still don't want to admit it

A minor fever, like a shimmer of hot air
It won't leave or even waver
I tried to gently touch the shivering wound just a little

I can't see you, can't see you
No matter how many times I call for you
Even though I'm next to you like this I want to meet you, and I'll stop at nothing
Even if I hold you so much it seems like we'll break
I can't reach you

Without changing it still goes on, is the only thing that heals pain Truth?
The color of the sinking moon in the window dyed your skin blue
Still hurting the lips that are shaking just a little
It keeps falling in the night
I can't search for the truth

Even though you're more important than anyone else, my faith is wavering
Even if I hold you so much it seems like we'll break
I can't reach you
Like a maze without an exit
Who pulled the crooked trigger?

Lies and Truth, it keeps falling
Even though you're more important than anyone else, my faith is wavering
Even if I hold you so much it seems like we'll break
I can't reach you

僕は鳥になる

When I just can’t find my way
You are always there for me
When I am out of my way
You are always there for me
Like a bird in the sky
You set me free
You give me one heart
Like a star in my night
You’ll always be a part of me

In my darkness dreams
I hear you call me
You give me the reason to live

In my dirty heart
I hear you call me
And you reach out to carry me away
No one can save my soul
Only you

The dark moon hints
that ahead of its light
My dream, of an uncertain existence
will be reborn
I live and die fast
So I’m sorry
Like how birds can fly around in the sky
I can be free now

Innocent Days

The spring seethes and the river surges
Please watch over that deep sea
You soar up into the air with mysterious wings
Please guide that dark sky

The dawn rain freely
Moistens my cheeks
Like hugging a child
I’d like it to surround me tenderly
A scorching gaze

The power to pursue a beautiful dream
Please put on your heart and soul
And take me along to a sinless era
You soar up into the air with mysterious wings
Please guide that dark sky
Amen

Si Deus me Relinquit

Si deus me relinquit, Ego deum relinquo.
Solus oppressus nigram clavem habere potest
Omnias ianuas praecludo, Sic omnias precationes obsigno
Sed, Qui me defendet Ab me terribilissimo ipse?

Samurai Heart

Got your head in the clouds, you’re not even listening are you?
You deliberately miss the signs I drop for you
We’re the same, we can understand each other, right?
That’s just a delusion
You probably won’t even notice me here

Alone and mixed in a crowd
I feel empty looking up to the sky
Playing catch with myself, in this one-sided conversation
My loneliness increases

  Answer me, isn’t anyone there?
Even though I’ve looked all this time, there’s still no answer
  I’m the only one that decides who I want to be
So no matter if I laugh, cry, love, hate, I’ll continue living on
Hey! Hey! Samurai Heart

Expressionless day by day, I wonder if today will be the same
In this city I can’t get used to or even fit in
I stop and look back in a crowd to check my footprints
Who knows, maybe I’m walk a little farther this time

I passed by a window in the city
And looked lonely in the reflection
I'm so pissed off at myself
And this indifferent world

  Answer me, isn’t anyone there?
Even though I’ve looked all this time, there’s still no answer
  I’m the only one that decides who I want to be
Don’t think “It’s not worth trying”, use your real voice

  We can’t go on living on our own
You can’t put your heart into something if you throw it away
   You don’t need a reason to give up
You’re gonna hold on and keep living on this road

My World

Leaning on a wall one night, seems like i've been thinking hard about myself
The destination i've chosen is here, is it alright?I no longer understand
But, I don't have the answer right now, Where things stood differently
Always facing down, I look up for a while and feel the warmth of the morning

I am me because I am here
What is the thing that I lost that I can't go on?
It is cruelly painful when I can't get the answer easily
Don't worry about that one miss shot
If I can move on, I will love it, right?
My World

Why did I let go of the things I cherished?
'it can't be all that there is', I'll get it again
Give a name, 'Dream' or 'Love' to this invisible thing
If I can call it like that, I'll feel proud a bit
Ah, but, the truth is, it's not like that

I am me because I am here
These words will get forgotten sometimes
It is cruelly painful not to get the answer easily
At most, let's face forward without slowing down
I'll find the thing I am searching for
In this World

Scattered about or thrown away
Even if all are destroyed, I thought it's alright
but, I was wrong
after experiencing sadness, I will live changed into someone kind
It is slow, but I'll learn to like the world
therefore..

I am me because I am here
Being myself, I'm searching for something
Eliminating all my vulnerabilities, the heat is painful
But, just for once, not blaming myself so hard
If I can move on, I'd come to love My World

If I walk further ahead, the light is there

Last Moment

In my life as a whole, what kind of a person will you see me as?
holding your hand and talking about our dream.
even if it's just for that moment in time while I'm sleeping, I want to be your future

lately there is something wrong with me
I'm constantly blaming you even though I don't have a specific reason to
and you become shocked and run out and it seems as though I'm always chasing after you apologizing

the repeating days and the decreasing sole
I know I should 'just become an adult' but that wouldn't be me
holding your hand and talking about our dream
even if it's just for that moment in time while I'm sleeping, I want to be one with you

if I was constantly worrying about your complexion then I would never be able
to tell you what I want to tell you
I'm the stupid one for saying that the jokes you tell me are 'annoying'

I want to delete my cowardly soul
I'm no longer a child so I shouldn't be scared about what you might say

In my life as a whole, what kind of a person will you see me as?
joking around with you while being next to you
even if it's just for that moment in time while I'm sleeping,
I want to be a fragment of you

'leave me alone!' makes me feel lonely and I'm scared that you'll tell me that 'this is normal'
and I don't like the me that can't get a hold of my balance and is crumbling

I wonder what will be really important to me in my future?
even though I hurt you with out knowing it, and even if it's wrong
I want to go to tomorrow instead of today

Two As One

baby when I’m by your side it feels
Like my body’s floating
When we talk I’m swimming over the clouds
I know I’m in a dream now
I wanted to know you better
But I can’t hear what you’re thinking
If we continue like this, you think we’d
Become more than just friends?
Someday you’ll be my love
Tomorrow I’m sure, I’ll send you
My love to you my sweetie

To you my baby, I wanna send the feelin’
That’s in my heart, right now
If this wish should be granted, then
For you I will always continue to love

baby it’s been four weeks and three days
And you haven’t called me at all
There’s no "us" if we don’t talk, so
Maybe you have a girlfriend.
The moon at daybreak, the way water looks when
It’s scooped in your hands,they’re things
You love right before they disappear
But my love will always reach you
Tonight I’m sure, you’ll see
My love to you my darling

Sparkling emotions ride the wind
As we meet, right now
If this wish should be granted, then
I’ll run away with you

The moment our hearts called out,
Two loves will become one.

I’ll run away with you

Flavour of Life

When you say thank you to me,
For some reason it hurts,
Like a magic spell
That doesn't get undone even after the good bye.
A hint of bitterness.
The flavor of life

Stuck in the midpoint between friends and lovers,
Like an un-riped fruit dreaming about the day of harvest
Because of being unable to move one more step forward
What's causing this frustration baby?

Sweet talk and tasteless conversations.
It sparks no interest in me
Even when things do not go the way you want
It doesn't mean you've thrown your life away

When you asked 'What's wrong?'
I answer 'It's nothing'
The smile then disappears after goodbye
It's unlike me

The more I wish to believe in you,
For some reason it hurts even more
'I like you a lot' instead of 'I love you' sounds more like you

The moment when you suddenly remember the scent of someone you had almost forgotten
I want to be able to openly and honestly cherish the white purity of the falling snow more

A future tender and warmer than a diamond
I want to grasp it, in this limited time we have, I want to spend it with you

Melodies of Life

    Alone for a while I've been searching through the dark
    For traces of the love you left inside my lonely heart
    To weave by picking up the pieces that remain
    Melodies of life--love's lost refrain
     
    Our paths they did cross, though I cannot say just why
    We met, we laughed, we held on fast, and then we said goodbye
    And who'll hear the echoes of stories never told?
    Let them ring out loud till they unfold
    In my dearest memories, I see you reaching out to me
    Though you're gone, I still believe that you can call out my name
     
     A voice from the past, joining yours and mine
     Adding up the layers of harmony
     And so it goes, on and on
     Melodies of life,
     To the sky beyond the flying birds, forever and beyond
     
    So far and away, see the bird as it flies by 
    Gliding through the shadows of the clouds up in the sky 
    I've laid my memories and dreams upon those wings 
    Leave them now and see what tomorrow brings
     
    In your dearest memories, do you remember loving me?
    Was it fate that brought us close and now leaves me behind?
     
     
    If I should leave this lonely world behind
    Your voice will still remember our melody
    Now I know we'll carry on
    Melodies of life
    Come circle round and grow deep in our hearts
    As long as we remember

Hunter x Hunter opening song (Ohayou by Keno mv)

Pieces of A Dream

	Tossing around senseless dreams We played around with them as if they were toys "I can see the future and it's boring" Those days when we frolicked selfishly
	If only we had known that once we turned our backs It was a place to which we could never return
	Did we walk in order to get closer to something? Are we just walking to get away from something?
	I still don't know if what I did then And everything since then wasn't really a mistake
	It's not that I'm trying to be strong But I have the feeling that I shouldn't stand still I don't want to blame Us in my memories The words you left me with Are clutched inside my pocket I don't want to forget The feeling my palm is used to
	How are you getting along since then? I wonder if you've changed... What's become of the pieces Of the dream you last talked about? I've realized... It's a time to which I can never return
	A piece of a half-hearted dream Will unexpectedly hurt someone We were cowardly And closed our eyes and moved away The things I didn't get a chance to say Are still in my pocket When they brush my fingertips I can feel That nostalgic pain
	What are you doing now? The moon is watching us

CHEMISTRY: So In Vain

On a night alone, I am thinking about you
In my room, I was passing time differently
You had left behind a stain and traces of lies
You left me, in the pitiful darkness

Depression and difficulty
With a "For starters..."
Mourning "This is the prime of my life..."
Even if I get hurt...

Telling me of your lies
Was the last kindness you did me
You were silent, pretending to be hurt
Even now, I remember your last bit of cunning

On a night alone, there's something I'm searching for
Always, in my room, there's a song I could hear
You left behind a meagre voice
You left me, in the quiet darkness

The only one who changed was me
I thought this, but still
The futileness that I realized I won't change
And the loneliness that I drag along with me, now these are all that is left over

The disappointment of love and it's importance
Waking up to "that time..."
When I calm down with "one more time"
Even if I get hurt...

I was dependent on the lies of you, who permitted yourself
To have a bad attitude on purpose, the lonely shackles
Of my cowardly self

Your lies were the last kindness
That you did me
I let you pretend like you were hurt
Even now, I won't forget your last bit of cunning

I ran away from you pretending to be hurt
Traces of fake tears are left over, even now

I feel like I miss you
Your song remains the same
I can't be without you

BlueLegend SHOOT

	I Want to Stay Honest
	I want to believe in the miracle of meeting you Changing joy and sadness into a smile
	I've always pretended not to notice, lying to myself But when it comes to the feeling of love, I want to stay honest any time
	Say, the power that has awoken in the heart. Right, in the overflowing light Please always be like this by my side. Something has started to change now
	You look only at me with a smile that's not fake I always want to feel your kindness Erasing the me that pretends to be strong, and gently being reborn Into the current me that only you know
	I'll embrace the magic of the word that you gave me that day I want to give you a shard of a star that fits that kind of happiness
	Say, I want to be like this forever. Right, now is the time for only the two of us The clock's hand doesn't move anymore. I'm now under the spell of your magic
	The feelings I want to transmit to you are playing inside my heart I want you to promise that we'll never be apart I want burn all the mannerisms into my heart Of the current you that only I know
	I want to believe in the miracle of meeting you For the sake of the two of us who will never end...
	You look only at me with a smile that's not fake I always want to feel your kindness Erasing the me that pretends to be strong, and gently being reborn Into the current me that only you know

Entomology

Entomology">

	I want to change the world Piercing through the gales, unafraid of anything, Now I hold my courage and pieces of my smile Change my mind If we reach out to the soaring future without losing our passion, we'll be able to shine, It's wonderland
	You've left something in the far reaches of the grey sky, and you keep on searching as you wander. In the night when your heart shook, and I can't see tomorrow I can't believe anything, and close my ears. When I met you, I found my true place in life. An innocent kindness is right here. And so we awaken...
	I want to change the world I won't hesitate again.   If I can shape a future with you, then I can fly anywhere. Change my mind I can spread my wings and fly towards the unknown future without losing my passion. It's wonderland
	We keep swimming the same world until the day we reach our dreams. All of us bear the same worries When you stop and look, I'll be right here gazing at you.
	I want to change the world If you accept my gaze as I watch over you and don't let go of my hand, I can do anything. Change my mind I won't let you be alone. Everyone is here. Let's pierce our way through whatever may happen. It's wonderland
	I want to change the world Piercing through the gales, unafraid of anything, Now I hold my courage and pieces of my smile Change my mind If we reach out to the soaring future without losing our passion, we'll be able to shine. It's wonderland

Feel Your Breeze

	I say, feel your breeze Anytime, anywhere in my heart Feel your breeze  Never stop walking now
	My lasting scars are still increasing Somehow, it's like the wind pierces me The anxiety a person carries along Right now everybody has it
	The night sure is long And you sink down deep When the morning sun rises up That's right, it'll be dazzling
	The future you imagined sometimes Turned out to be a bit different The tears shed for the sake of dreams haven't disappeared, they'll keep shining Your heart is watching out for you These feelings are etched into your chest Forever, feel your dreams, like the summer clouds are overflowing
	There's nothing that can't be done That's right, that's what you think, but It's tricky to handle daily life And soon we get confused
	Dreams sure are far off Blurry up in the sky But your feelings in the wind Will softly carry you
	The future you imagined sometimes It's like it's getting a bit closer The wind will always blow, so let's start walking from here Your heart is watching out for you These feelings are etched into your chest Forever, I'll feel you, like the seasons are overflowing

僕は鳥になる

When I just can't find my way You are always there for me When I am out of my way You are always there for me When I just can't find my way You are always there for me When I am out of my way You are always there for me Like a bird in the sky You set me free You give me one heart Like a star in my night You'll always be a part of me When I just can't find my way You are always there You are always there You are always there for me In my darkness dreams I hear you call me You give me the reason to live In my dirty heart I hear you call me And you reach out to carry me away No one can save my soul Only you Like a bird in the sky You set me free You give me one heart Like a star in my night You'll always be a part of me The dark moon hints At the tip of that light That my dream, which is An uncertain existence, will be reborn I live in such a hurry I'm sorry about that Just like how a bird can fly around the sky I can now become free I can now become free Just like how a bird can fly around the sky I can now become free Like a bird in the sky You set me free You give me one heart Like a star in my night You'll always be a part of me Like a star in my night You'll always be a part of me

炎の扉

I will open the door of daybreak with my wounded fingers, Because these hands are the ones that will decide tomorrow.
The strong wind is blowing, Fanning up the blaze that surrounds my body.
Pass through the door. Holding up your gentle hands, You steal my tears, So I can trust love once more.
That tiny twinkle, It is a light that sees someone off. The children point at the flowers blooming in the skies.
I'm taking off on a search for the seeds of hope, Towards the vanished horizon.
The passing evening calm, As sorrow turns into tranquility, I watch over. Perhaps I will return to my hometown someday. Until that day comes...
Red rain pours down on the lamenting earth. The cry of the wind stirs up dark flames.
That's a distant promise,   That familiar voice,   Please let it calm my trembling chest.   my dear......
Towards the door of flames, Holding up your gentle hands, You take away tomorrow. I want to know love once more, love from the heart. It opens now, The skies of destiny.

CHEMISTRY: Wings of Words

I know I am foolhardy when I comfort you, But your tear-filled face is too beautiful and I can't help it. We became just a bit closer than friends, And you were my beloved treasure.To have an unbroken dream is to be fighting with oneself. I've fought enough to be proud of my wounds that accumulate with each day.
Though I cannot fly to the skies, I can give you my wings. They will say, "You're not alone anymore", And the words will tear off your loneliness. Even pessimists can fall in love and be changed. If the path you have choosen reaches a dead end, Then why not lose yourself there.
"The waning moon looks like a knife." I felt a sense of deja vu as you said that.
In the mids of premonitions and confusion, I was looking for your eyes. In this world, where some doors can only be opened with two people.
Though I cannot fly to the skies, I do have wings. That's your whispered password for me, When our eyes met each other unexpectedly. Someday the realist will return to the boy, When that happens what will my dream for you be like.
For some reason, we were borned with each other's wings. In order to face the future, You know love has a gif The Wings of Words...Though I cannot fly to the skies, I can give you my wings. They will say, "You're not alone anymore", And the words will tear off your loneliness. Even pessimists can fall in love and be changed. If the path you have choosen reaches a dead end, Then why not lose yourself there.

CHEMISTRY: Your Name Never Gone

All words are coming apart and falling, if this feeling is love
In the end as things are the only word I can just mouth
Is your ordinary name without end

I can't come up with even an explanation of dreams
and the present on those days that are uncertain
Even dreams and the present mix and laugh, I came across a wondrous power

Truth and lies both let the shadows fall in the light within stars

If your name becomes a spell that makes the staggering me flap my wings
Piercing the sky, shredding the darkness,
I might be able to change even the future which someone decided for me...

I always cling lover's exchanges. These days I just don't have a backbone
Color, shape, and even meaning change
It's just something I try to believe in

Limitless maps and eras can't be repainted, but this light won't vanish

If your name changes cowardly days into heroic tales
I might cut off those red chains that spread from your finger to an unknown place

There are things I know and don't know
If that's the truth, it will continue spreading infinitely

Even if there's something I don't know or can't do
If I become like that I'll continue spreading out infinitely

All words are coming apart and falling, if this feeling is love
In the end the only word I can always leave behind
Is your endless lovely name

君の好きな歌

Even though I was with you all this time,
Without being able to say I love you, I said goodbye to you.
I want to see you, so I repeat the song that you like
Humming it as I walk my way home.

The tone of your voice, where you look at,
Even the words you exchange with others,
Your slightest gesture confuses me.
I hope that your feelings are the same, and that we find our answers here
The long awaited miracle, if you're going to come, come to me now.

Even though I was with you all this time,
Without being able to say I love you, I said goodbye to you.
I want to see you right away, so I repeat the song that you like
Humming it as I walk my way home.

The warmth that I felt through the hand that I touched by accident was to tender.
It felt like it would accept me for who I am.
The things I noticed after meeting you changed me more than ever.

I felt melancholy from my last lost love,
Thinking that I would never love anyone again.
But now I feel that I want to live for someone again.
I will go to express you these feelings.

Where ever I am, whatever I am doing, I never stop thinking about you.
You taught me the pain of love, and not being able to be understood,
And the joy to love.
Your smile, your voice through the phone,
Your small body that cannot handle the crowd,
And even the bad habits, they are all unique and splendid.
All of it is one and only.

By thinking about you, it becomes my energy to live tomorrow.
If we could confront each other, let's walk on the same path
where we can walk at the same pace.

Just thinking about you
Puts me in such pain. My heart gets filled with affection.
I want to see you, so I repeat that song you like
Humming it as I walk my way home.

4 those that don know what melancholy mean: it mean [sadness]
Than 4 splendid it mean [magnificent]

CHEMISTRY: PERIOD

	In the middle of an endless journey, at a point when we seem to stop, We let loose a deep sigh.
	We started to grasp it, but it parted from us. However, now there is no longer anything we are afraid of.
	The strong bonds that tie our hearts, Will certainly never be undone. We have continually searched and finally reached, This place and period.
	The love filled with warmth runs through the body, Is a memory that will never fade
	I will certainly fulfill my promise and bring you with me. The overflowing dreams, and the wishes that are embraced, everything I will place into song.
	Not averting your eyes from reality,    With the courage to stand up and fight, Change sadness and anger into strength. Our fate is right nearby.
	Look at what is ahead. It is a sparkling world.
	The cheers that shake me I will not betray. Together we are living for the sake of the future, In this place and period.
	The truth is at our fingertips.

君色思い

you colour my feelings, when you're restless at night i'll go and hold you in my arms
i'm sure we realised from the start that the love will end one day the two of us maintaining this stance won't hold the relationship together
our hearts and bodies, secrets we hold inside let me show up in your dreams
you colour my feelings always, so that now it will never change i run in the northern winds "ooh, i love you" if we don't share what's inside our hearts we'll never find the answer
what's making you sad and cry? forgive me for not noticing
if we can join our hearts and bodies we'll be able change
you colour my feelings always, when you're restless at night i'll go and hold you in my arms "ooh, i love you" if we can share what's inside our hearts only then can we get the answeroh lord, give me strength oh, i'll swear my love as many times as i have to
you colour my feelings always, when you're restless at night i'll go and hold you in my arms "ooh, i love you" if we can share what's inside our hearts only then can we get the answer

Kajian Molekular Fiksasi Nitrogen">

CHEMISTRY [MERRY-GO-ROUND]

	On that day when we crossed, I crumbled in your eyes and was locked in the flow of time. Although I keep on calling out, my voice cannot reach anyone. My distant memories, which I locked away, started running with my revolving past. Our everlasting love is reflected on this planet of misery. As swirls of rubbles have scattered, my tears begin to illuminate my future, and there's an infinitely stretching merry go round. A prologue, sketched by a light floating within darkness, is set into bustling motion. You were the first one ever to make me feel needed. It was such warmth you gave me. Trying again to surpass the faraway time, I lit a warm fire to my sleeping heart. Our encounter, shrouded in grief, is our everlasting love. As swirls of lament have scattered, I gripped my tears and wishes tightly in my hands, and fly towards my future with the merry go round. For what, and for whom, are we fighting against loneliness? Through countless encounters and breakups, we become connected to our tomorrow. Do not hide any longer the wings on your back, and believe firmly in the destiny bestowed on you. My distant memories, which I locked away, started running with my revolving past. Our everlasting love is reflected on this planet of misery. There is only one thing I wish for. Even if I were to perish one day, please do not let your thoughts waver... you stay I go.

SOLUBILISASI FOSFAT

Insekta Yang Merugikan Bagi Manusia

Mikrobiologi Tanah

Resume Presentasi Mikrobiologi Tanah II

Mikrobiologi Tanah

PRESENTASI I

Tanah dalam keadaan normal terdiri dari bahan organik sebanyak 5%, bahan anorganik sebesar 45% , 25% fase air dan 25% fase udara. Di dalam tanah juga terdapat mikrobia tanah yang memiliki berbagai macam peran diantaranya adalah: (i) dekomposisi bahan organik, (ii) degradasi pestisida, (iii) menjaga kesetimbangan biologis, (iv) predator nematoda, (v) pelapukan batuan sehingga terbentuk materi tanah, (vi) terlibat proses transformasi nutrient, dan (vii) pembentukan dan perbaikan struktur tanah.

Tanah sehat dan subur merupakan sistem hidup dinamis yang dihuni oleh berbagai organisme (mikro flora, mikro fauna,  serta meso dan makro fauna). Organisme tersebut saling berinteraksi  membentuk suatu rantai makanan sebagai aliran energi dalam suatu ekosistem untuk membentuk tropik rantai makanan. Selain itu tanah merupakan mikrohabitat bagi mikrobia tanah.

Jumlah mikroba dalam tanah lebih banyak daripada dalam air ataupun udara karena  senyawa organik dan anorganiknya lebih tinggi sehingga cocok untuk pertumbuhan mikroba aerobik, anaerobik, heterotrof, maupun autotrof.

a)      Atmosfer tanah tersusun oleh bermacam gas  seperti N₂, O₂ dan CO₂

Ø  O₂ dalam tanah sebanyak 18 - 20%

Ø  CO₂ dalam tanah sebesar 1 – 2%

b)      Gas di dalam tanah berasal dari udara luar dan hasil aktifitas mikroba

Ø  N₂ yang merupakan hasil fiksasi N oleh mikroba pada proses siklus N tanah

Ø  CO₂ yang merupakan hasil respirasi mikroba

Ø  O₂ yang merupakan hasil fotosintesis tumbuhan tingkat tinggi atau mikrobia yang bersifat autotrof dan aerob

PRESENTASI II

Berdasarkan asalnya, mikrobia terbagi menjadi 2 macam,

a)      mikrobia autokton, yaitu mikrobia yang merupakan mikrobia asli yang hidup pada area tanah tersebut (native). Contoh: Clostridium sp.

b)      mikrobia zimogen, yaitu mikrobia yang ada pada suatu area tanah karena adanya zat tambahan yang menjadi  sumber kehidupan atau dapat juga merupakan suatu indikator adanya pencemaran pada area tersebut. Contoh: Escherichia coli.\

berdasarkan sumber kehidupan untuk mikrobia, terdapat tiga macam sumber yaitu sumber karbon, sumber energi, dan sumber elektron. Sumber tersebut bersifat organik dan anorganik. Metabolisme mikrobia tanah dalam kaitannya menggunakan sumber energi, elektron, maupun sumber karbonnya dapat diamati dalam kolom winogradsky.

            Kolom winogradsky adalah tempat yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan mikrobia tanah, merepresentasikan komunitas mikrobia tanah yang saling berinteraksi namun bukan interaksi yang bersifat kontaminasi. Kolom winogradsky merupakan kultur diperkaya yang didalamnya terjadi seleksi alam dan pemisahan niche  antar mikrobia dan jika dilakukan pemindahan berulang akan didapatkan kultur murni. Pada kolom ini dapat ditemukan minimal 6 tipe mikrobia tanah yaitu anaerobic bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, purple-sulphur bacteria, purple non-sulphur bacteria, aerobic bacteria, dan  photosynthetic mikrobes.

            Peristiwa yang terjadi dalam kolom winogradsky dimulai pada bagian dasar yang merupakan area anaerobik. Pada area ini Clostridium sp. yang bersifat anaerobik mendegradasi selulosa dengan menggunakan enzim selulase dan didapatkan asam organik, etanol, dan glukosa. Etanol dan asam organik digunakan Desulfovibrio sp. (anaerob) yang menggunakan SO₄^2- dan menghasilkan H₂S yang digunakan oleh Chlorobium(green-sulphur bacteria) dan Chromatium (purple-sulphur bacteria) sebagai donor elektron. Sedangkan sumber karbon kedua jenis bakteri ini adalah CO_2. Karena sulfat digunakan terus-menerus, maka kadarnya akan menurun dan penurunan kadar ini menyebabkan Rhodomicrobium tumbuh dan menggunakan etanol atau asam organik sebagai donor elektron dan CO₂ untuk memproduksi molekul organik.

            Pada bagian permukaan tanah di kolom winogradsky terdapat Beggiatoa  yang merupakan bakteri aerob yang mampu mengoksidasi sulfur sebagai sumber energi dan digunakan untuk mengubah CO₂ menjadi C organik. Kemudian di bagian air terdapat Cyanobacteria yang mampu menyuplai O₂ untuk bakteri aerob yang membutuhkan.

PRESENTASI III

Hewan ruminantia memiliki 4 lambung dengan urutan sebagai berikut, rumen, retikulum, omasum, dan abomasum.Pada rumen hewan ruminantia terdapat aktivitas mikrobia tanah yang berasal dari tanaman yang dimakan oleh hewan tersebut. Mikrobia tersebut terdiri dari protozoa bersilia, fungi, dan sebagian besar adalah bakteri selulolitik yang mampu mengubah selulosa menjadi glukosa.

Aktivitas mikrobia rumen sangat tergantung pada pH, jenis pakan, waktu setelah makan, variasi harian, pengaruh osmotik dan ionik, komposisi gas, dan tegangan permukaan. Di dalam rumen, mikrobia melakukan fermentasi sehingga tercipta amonium yang merupakan hasil degradasi kemudian amonium tersebut diubah menjadi asam amino oleh mikrobia yang kemudian dirangkai menjadi protein. Jadi ruminantia tidak memakan bahan yang mengandung asam amino namun dapat terbentuk asam amino karena massa hasil metabolisme mikrobia rumen.  Sifat mikrobia dalam rumen adalah anaerob.

Mikrobia rumen dapat dimanfaatkan untuk:

a.       pembuatan gas

b.       menambah ketersediaan amonium

c.       meningkatkan kesaaaman makanan (meningkatkan fermentasi makanan) sehingga lebih mudah diubah menjadi asam amino

Ada dua macam fermentasi dalam rumen yaitu:

a.       fermentasi karbohidrat atau structural carbohydrate fermenter (SC)

merupakan degradasi atau pemotongan struktur dari polimer glukosa

b.      fermentasi non karbohidrat atau non-structural carbohydrate fermenter  (NSC)

merupakan degradasi protein menjadi bentuk yang lebih sederhana yang dilakukan oleh bakteri proteolitik

Pertumbuhan Mikrobia Batch Culture

makalah pertumbuhan mikrobia

BENTUKLAHAN FLUVIAL

Innocent Days

Vocals: Hitomi
Lyrics: Kuroishi Hitomi
Composition: Kuroishi Hitomi

The spring seethes and the river surges
Please watch over that deep sea
You soar up into the air with mysterious wings
Please guide that dark sky

The dawn rain freely
Moistens my cheeks
Like hugging a child
I’d like it to surround me tenderly

A scorching gaze
The power to pursue a beautiful dream
Please put on your heart and soul
And take me along to a sinless era

You soar up into the air with mysterious wings
Please guide that dark sky
Amen

Deteksi Mikrobia Pada Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Dengan Metode MPN

PERTELAAN